The Video Privacy Protection Act-a VHS-era statute-has found new life in the streaming age, creating significant exposure for any company hosting video content. Federal appellate courts are sharply divided on what constitutes "personally identifiable information" and who qualifies as a "consumer," making litigation outcomes heavily forum-dependent. With statutory damages of $2,500 per violation, the stakes in these cases are high. This article breaks down the circuit splits, offers a forum-specific defense playbook, and provides practical compliance guidance to help your organization calibrate risk and sharpen its litigation strategy.